Common Names for Nematodes
JON requires that the full Linnaean binomial be given for all nematode species mentioned. But, as long as it is explained, the use of common names, or even an abbreviation, is also permitted. For example: Meloidogyne spp. (root-knot nematode: RKN). However, authors should be judicious in using common names and only do so when it improves clarity to the wider readership. There are several points to consider in electing to use a common name:
-
Is
the common name likely to be recognized across or
beyond the narrow discipline of the paper? For
example, home gardeners are likely to have heard
of root-knot nematodes, and soybean farmers will
know about soybean cyst nematode. A similar case
might be made for dog heart worm (Dirofilaria
immitis) or Guinea worm (Dracunculus
medinensis). But the same could probably not
be said of Romanomermis culicivorax and
so, although likely known to many JON readers,
assigning a common name to this species would be
discouraged.
-
Does
using the common name convey some information
that might not be readily apparent from the
binomial? For example, calling Globodera spp. “potato cyst nematode” might
help the flow of the writing if one were talking
about host preference.
-
Is
the common name ambiguous? Some names are applied
to multiple genera (e.g., Cactodera, Globodera and Heterodera have all been
called “cyst nematodes” and Criconema and Criconemella both have
been called “ring nematode”). In some
instances, an author may intend the redundant
term to be inclusive of the different species,
but not in other cases.
- What is the precedent in using the common name? Although some generic common names have little meaning or have only restricted application to a genus, long-standing use has legitimized them (e.g., stunt nematode for Tylenchorhynchus spp.)
The coining of common names is permissible. Priority in providing a common name for a new species rests with the describer. Suggested sources for the common name include: geographic location for a species thought to have a restricted range (e.g., Columbia root-knot nematode for M. chitwoodi); host plant (e.g., citrus nematode for T. semipenetrans); morphological character (e.g., awl nematode for Dolichodorus spp.); specific symptom; or translation of the specific epithet. However, as many nematodes are polyphagous, geographically widespread, or have no symptomatic effects on plants, a rigid system is impossible to institute.
Listed below are “officially” designated common names for plant parasitic nematodes:
COMMON NAMES FOR PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES
Where two names are listed, the first name should be afforded priority.
Anguina spp.: seed and leaf gall
nematodes, seed-gall nematodes
A. agrostis (Steinbuch) Filipjev: bentgrass nematode
A. tritici (Steinbuch) Filipjev: wheat cockle nematode, wheat gall nematode
Aphelenchoides spp.: bud and leaf nematodes, foliar nematodes
A. arachidis Bos: testa nematode
A. besseyi Christie: rice white tip nematode, strawberry bud nematode, summer crimp, summer dwarf nematode
A. fragariae (Ritzema Bos) Christie: spring crimp nematode, spring dwarf nematode, strawberry bud nematode
A. ritzemabosi (Schwartz) Steiner & Buhrer: chrysanthemum nematode
Belonolaimus spp.: sting nematodes
B. longicaudatus Rau: sting nematode
Bursaphelenchus cocophilus (Cobb) Goodey: coconut palm nematode, red-ring nematode
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle: pinewood nematode
Cacopaurus pestis Thorne: walnut nematode
Cactodera spp.: cyst nematodes
C. cacti (Fil. & Sch. Stek.) Krall & Krall: cactus cyst nematode
C. weissi (Steiner) Krall & Krall: knotweed cyst nematodes, smartweed cyst nematode
Criconema spp.: ring nematodes
Criconemella spp.: ring nematodes
C. ornata (Raski) Luc & Raski: peanut ring nematode
C. xenoplax (Raski) Luc & Raski: peach ring nematode
Ditylenchus spp.: stem and bulb nematodes
D. destructor Thorne: potato knot nematode
D. dipsaci (Kuhn) Filipjev: stem and bulb nematode, alfalfa stem nematode
D. africanus Wendt, Swart, Vrain & Webster: peanut pod nematode
Dolichodorus spp.: awl nematodes
D. heterocephalus Cobb: awl nematode
Globodera spp.: round-cyst nematodes
G. pallida (Stone) Behrens: white potato cyst nematode
G. rostochiensis (Wollenweber) Behrens: golden nematode, golden potato cyst nematode
G. tabacum (Lownsbery & Lownsbery) Behrens: tobacco cyst nematode
G. virginiae (Miller & Gray) Behrens: horsenettle cyst nematode
Gracilacus spp.: pin nematodes
Helicotylenchus spp.: spiral nematodes
H. dihystera (Cobb) Sher: spiral nematode
H. multicinctus (Cobb) Golden: banana spiral nematode, Cobb???s spiral nematode
Hemicriconemoides spp.: false-sheath nematodes
Hemicycliophora spp.: sheath nematodes
H. arenaria Raski: sheath nematode
Heterodera spp.: cyst nematodes
H. avenae Wollenweber: cereal cyst nematode, oat cyst nematode
H. betulae Hirschmann & Riggs: birch cyst nematode
H. carotae Jones: carrot cyst nematode
H. cruciferae Jones: cabbage cyst nematode
H. cyperi Golden, Rau & Cobb: nutgrass cyst nematode
H. fici Kirjanova: fig cyst nematode
H. glycines Ichinohe: soybean cyst nematode
H. goettingiana Liebscher: pea cyst nematode
H. humuli Filipjev: hop cyst nematode
H. lespedezae Golden & Cobb: lespedeza cyst nematode
H. schachtii Schmidt: sugarbeet cyst nematode
H. trifolii Goffart: clover cyst nematode
H. zeae Koshy, Swarup & Sethi: corn cyst nematode
Hirschmanniella oryzae (van Breda de Haan) Luc & Goodey: rice root nematode
Hoplolaimus spp.: lance nematodes
H. galeatus (Cobb) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven: lance nematode
H. columbus Sher: Columbia lance nematode
Longidorus spp.: needle nematodes
Meloidodera spp.: cystoid nematodes
M. charis Hopper: mesquite cystoid nematode
M. floridensis Chitwood, Hannon & Esser: pine cyst nematode
Meloidogyne spp.: root-knot nematodes
M. arenaria (Neal) Chitwood: peanut root-knot nematodes
M. camelliae Golden: camellia root-knot nematode
M. carolinesis Eisenback: blueberry root-knot nematode
M. chitwoodi Golden, O???Bannon, Santo & Finley: Columbia root-knot nematode
M. enterolobii Uang & Eisenback: pacara earpod tree root-knot nematode
M. exigua Goeldi: coffee root-knot nematode
M. graminis (Sledge & Golden) Whitehead: grass root-knot nematode
M. hispanica Hirschmann: Seville root-knot nematode
M. hapla Chitwood: northern root-knot nematode
M. incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood: southern root-knot nematode
M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood: Javanese root-knot nematode
M. konaensis Eisenback, Bernard & Schmitt: Kona coffee root-knot nematode
M. lusitanica Abrantes & Santos: olive root-knot nematode
M. megatyla Baldwin & Sasser: pine root-knot nematode
M. naasi Franklin: barely root-knot nematode
M. nataliei Golden, Ross & Bird: Michigan grape root-knot nematode
M. paranaensis Carneiro, Carneiro, Abrantes & Almeida: Paran? coffee root-knot nematode
M. partityla Kleynhams: pecan root-knot nematode
M. pini Eisenback, Yang & Hartman: sand pine root-knot nematode
M. platani Hirschmann: sycamore root-knot nematode
M. querciana Golden: oak root-knot nematode
M. suginamensis Toida & Yaegashi: Suginami root-knot nematode
M. thamesi Chitwood: Thames? root-knot nematode
Merlinius spp.: stunt nematodes
Nacobbus spp.: false root-knot nematodes
N. aberrans (Thorne) Thorne & Allen: false root-knot nematode
Orrina phyllobia (Thorne) Brzeski: nightshade gall nematode
Paratrichodorus spp.: stubby-root nematode
P. minor (Colbran) Siddiqi: stubby-root nematode
Paralongidorus spp.: needle nematodes
Paratylenchus spp.: pin nematodes
Pratylenchoides spp.: false-burrowing nematodes
Pratylenchus spp.: lesion nematodes
P. alleni Ferris: Allen???s lesion nematode
P. brachyurus (Godrey) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven: lesion nematode
P. coffeae (Zimmermann) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven: coffee lesion nematode
P. penetrans (Cobb) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven: lesion nematode, meadow nematode
P. scribneri Steiner: Scribner???s lesion nematode
P. thornei Sher & Allen: Thorne???s lesion nematode
P. vulnus Allen & Jensen: boxwood lesion nematode, walnut lesion nematode
P. zeae Graham: corn lesion nematode
Punctodera punctata (Thorne) Mulvey & Stone: grass cyst nematode
Radopholus spp.: burrowing nematodes
R. similis Cobb: banana burrowing nematode, burrowing nematode
Rotylenchulus spp.: reniform nematodes
R. reniformis Linford & Oliveira: reniform nematode
R. parvus (Williams) Sher: reniform nematode
Rotylenchus spp.: spiral nematodes
R. buxophilus Golden: boxwood spiral nematode
Scutellonema spp.: spiral nematodes
S. bradys (Steiner & Lehew) Andrassy: yam spiral nematode
Subanguina radicicola (Greeff) Parmonov: grass root-gall nematode
Trichodorus spp.: stubby-root nematodes
Tylenchorhynchus spp.: stunt nematodes
T. claytoni Steiner: tobacco stunt nematode
Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb: citrus nematode
Xiphinema spp.: dagger nematodes
X. americanum Cobb: American dagger nematode
X. chambersi Thorne: Chambers??? dagger nematode
A. agrostis (Steinbuch) Filipjev: bentgrass nematode
A. tritici (Steinbuch) Filipjev: wheat cockle nematode, wheat gall nematode
Aphelenchoides spp.: bud and leaf nematodes, foliar nematodes
A. arachidis Bos: testa nematode
A. besseyi Christie: rice white tip nematode, strawberry bud nematode, summer crimp, summer dwarf nematode
A. fragariae (Ritzema Bos) Christie: spring crimp nematode, spring dwarf nematode, strawberry bud nematode
A. ritzemabosi (Schwartz) Steiner & Buhrer: chrysanthemum nematode
Belonolaimus spp.: sting nematodes
B. longicaudatus Rau: sting nematode
Bursaphelenchus cocophilus (Cobb) Goodey: coconut palm nematode, red-ring nematode
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle: pinewood nematode
Cacopaurus pestis Thorne: walnut nematode
Cactodera spp.: cyst nematodes
C. cacti (Fil. & Sch. Stek.) Krall & Krall: cactus cyst nematode
C. weissi (Steiner) Krall & Krall: knotweed cyst nematodes, smartweed cyst nematode
Criconema spp.: ring nematodes
Criconemella spp.: ring nematodes
C. ornata (Raski) Luc & Raski: peanut ring nematode
C. xenoplax (Raski) Luc & Raski: peach ring nematode
Ditylenchus spp.: stem and bulb nematodes
D. destructor Thorne: potato knot nematode
D. dipsaci (Kuhn) Filipjev: stem and bulb nematode, alfalfa stem nematode
D. africanus Wendt, Swart, Vrain & Webster: peanut pod nematode
Dolichodorus spp.: awl nematodes
D. heterocephalus Cobb: awl nematode
Globodera spp.: round-cyst nematodes
G. pallida (Stone) Behrens: white potato cyst nematode
G. rostochiensis (Wollenweber) Behrens: golden nematode, golden potato cyst nematode
G. tabacum (Lownsbery & Lownsbery) Behrens: tobacco cyst nematode
G. virginiae (Miller & Gray) Behrens: horsenettle cyst nematode
Gracilacus spp.: pin nematodes
Helicotylenchus spp.: spiral nematodes
H. dihystera (Cobb) Sher: spiral nematode
H. multicinctus (Cobb) Golden: banana spiral nematode, Cobb???s spiral nematode
Hemicriconemoides spp.: false-sheath nematodes
Hemicycliophora spp.: sheath nematodes
H. arenaria Raski: sheath nematode
Heterodera spp.: cyst nematodes
H. avenae Wollenweber: cereal cyst nematode, oat cyst nematode
H. betulae Hirschmann & Riggs: birch cyst nematode
H. carotae Jones: carrot cyst nematode
H. cruciferae Jones: cabbage cyst nematode
H. cyperi Golden, Rau & Cobb: nutgrass cyst nematode
H. fici Kirjanova: fig cyst nematode
H. glycines Ichinohe: soybean cyst nematode
H. goettingiana Liebscher: pea cyst nematode
H. humuli Filipjev: hop cyst nematode
H. lespedezae Golden & Cobb: lespedeza cyst nematode
H. schachtii Schmidt: sugarbeet cyst nematode
H. trifolii Goffart: clover cyst nematode
H. zeae Koshy, Swarup & Sethi: corn cyst nematode
Hirschmanniella oryzae (van Breda de Haan) Luc & Goodey: rice root nematode
Hoplolaimus spp.: lance nematodes
H. galeatus (Cobb) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven: lance nematode
H. columbus Sher: Columbia lance nematode
Longidorus spp.: needle nematodes
Meloidodera spp.: cystoid nematodes
M. charis Hopper: mesquite cystoid nematode
M. floridensis Chitwood, Hannon & Esser: pine cyst nematode
Meloidogyne spp.: root-knot nematodes
M. arenaria (Neal) Chitwood: peanut root-knot nematodes
M. camelliae Golden: camellia root-knot nematode
M. carolinesis Eisenback: blueberry root-knot nematode
M. chitwoodi Golden, O???Bannon, Santo & Finley: Columbia root-knot nematode
M. enterolobii Uang & Eisenback: pacara earpod tree root-knot nematode
M. exigua Goeldi: coffee root-knot nematode
M. graminis (Sledge & Golden) Whitehead: grass root-knot nematode
M. hispanica Hirschmann: Seville root-knot nematode
M. hapla Chitwood: northern root-knot nematode
M. incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood: southern root-knot nematode
M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood: Javanese root-knot nematode
M. konaensis Eisenback, Bernard & Schmitt: Kona coffee root-knot nematode
M. lusitanica Abrantes & Santos: olive root-knot nematode
M. megatyla Baldwin & Sasser: pine root-knot nematode
M. naasi Franklin: barely root-knot nematode
M. nataliei Golden, Ross & Bird: Michigan grape root-knot nematode
M. paranaensis Carneiro, Carneiro, Abrantes & Almeida: Paran? coffee root-knot nematode
M. partityla Kleynhams: pecan root-knot nematode
M. pini Eisenback, Yang & Hartman: sand pine root-knot nematode
M. platani Hirschmann: sycamore root-knot nematode
M. querciana Golden: oak root-knot nematode
M. suginamensis Toida & Yaegashi: Suginami root-knot nematode
M. thamesi Chitwood: Thames? root-knot nematode
Merlinius spp.: stunt nematodes
Nacobbus spp.: false root-knot nematodes
N. aberrans (Thorne) Thorne & Allen: false root-knot nematode
Orrina phyllobia (Thorne) Brzeski: nightshade gall nematode
Paratrichodorus spp.: stubby-root nematode
P. minor (Colbran) Siddiqi: stubby-root nematode
Paralongidorus spp.: needle nematodes
Paratylenchus spp.: pin nematodes
Pratylenchoides spp.: false-burrowing nematodes
Pratylenchus spp.: lesion nematodes
P. alleni Ferris: Allen???s lesion nematode
P. brachyurus (Godrey) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven: lesion nematode
P. coffeae (Zimmermann) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven: coffee lesion nematode
P. penetrans (Cobb) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven: lesion nematode, meadow nematode
P. scribneri Steiner: Scribner???s lesion nematode
P. thornei Sher & Allen: Thorne???s lesion nematode
P. vulnus Allen & Jensen: boxwood lesion nematode, walnut lesion nematode
P. zeae Graham: corn lesion nematode
Punctodera punctata (Thorne) Mulvey & Stone: grass cyst nematode
Radopholus spp.: burrowing nematodes
R. similis Cobb: banana burrowing nematode, burrowing nematode
Rotylenchulus spp.: reniform nematodes
R. reniformis Linford & Oliveira: reniform nematode
R. parvus (Williams) Sher: reniform nematode
Rotylenchus spp.: spiral nematodes
R. buxophilus Golden: boxwood spiral nematode
Scutellonema spp.: spiral nematodes
S. bradys (Steiner & Lehew) Andrassy: yam spiral nematode
Subanguina radicicola (Greeff) Parmonov: grass root-gall nematode
Trichodorus spp.: stubby-root nematodes
Tylenchorhynchus spp.: stunt nematodes
T. claytoni Steiner: tobacco stunt nematode
Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb: citrus nematode
Xiphinema spp.: dagger nematodes
X. americanum Cobb: American dagger nematode
X. chambersi Thorne: Chambers??? dagger nematode